The pattern of coronary artery diseases as diagnosed by coronary angiography and the outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract

Background: No countrywide study has been done on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Ethiopia. Nonetheless, some hospital based studies and a few community based researches have shown CVD as one of the causes of morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This retrospective coronary angiographic study was conducted at Addis Cardiac Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with the objective of determining the pattern of coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary angiography. All patients for whom coronary angiography and PCI was done from May 1, 2007 to December 30, 2011were considered for the study.

Result: Diagnostic coronary angiography was done to 300 patients, of which, 249 patients (83%) were males and 51 patients (17%) were females with the age range of 29 to 87 years. The median age was 56 years with mean ages of 56.3+ 12.1 and 56+ 11.3 for males and females respectively, the most frequent age stratum being 50 to 59 years. Acute coronary syndrome was the clinical diagnosis in 161 (53.7 %) of patients, of which 100 patients (33.3% of the total) had ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). With catheterization, 227 (75.7%) patients had evidence of CAD, of which, 92 (40.5%) patients had multivessel disease. Among the 193 patients with significant CAD, PCI was done for 126 (65.3%) patients which resulted in TIMI III (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade III) in 116 patients (92.1%).

Conclusion: Pending confirmation with prospective studies, CAD is perhaps aggressive in Ethiopia with serious consequences and PCI without on-site cardiac surgery has been proven safe. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2014;28(1):11-16]