A retrospective study on prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is an inflammation of the urinary tract that occurs when micro organisms, usually bacteria from digestive tract or vagina cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. An estimated 150 million urinary tract infections occur annually worldwide. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant pathogens now.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens involved in urinary tract infections within the last three years, January 1st 2008 to December 30th 2010 in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Teaching Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method: An institution-based retrospective cross sectional population survey was conducted in the clinical laboratory for diagnosis of patients visiting Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital. Collected secondary data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 17 computer software package. Percentages and ratios were calculated in tables. P-value was used to see statistical significance (p<0.05).

Results: Out of 3254 recorded patient’s data 3182 results were taken and analyzed. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 23.32 % and the highest prevalence was obtained among age groups 21-30 years (27.16%). The bacterial pathogens isolated were predominantly, Escherchia coli: 361 (44.62%), followed by Klebsella Spp: 136 (16.81%), Coaggulase negative Staphylococci Spp: 49 (6.06%) and Entrococci Spp: 41 (5.06%). The invitro drug sensitivity testing showed that both gram negative and gram-positive organisms were extremely resistant to Ampiciline: (83.93%), Amoxicillin: (78.87%) and Tetracycline: (77.75%).

Conclusion: the prevalence of urinary tract infection was high, and the drug resistance rate was extremely high. For this reason, it is necessary to minimize the rate of urinary tract infections, and to constantly monitor susceptibility patterns of specific pathogens to commonly used antimicrobial agents before antibiotic therapy initiation. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2013;27(2):111-117]