A historical overview of traditional medicine practices and policy in Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract
Background: Although traditional medicine plays an important role in Ethiopian society, knowledge about the extent
and characteristics of traditional healing practices and practitioners is limited and has frequently been ignored in the
national health system.
Objective: To review history of practices and policies on traditional medicine in Ethiopia.
Methods: A systematic review of available literature on Ethiopian traditional medicine and policy documents was
carried out. Google, Pub Med and Medline online internet searches were done to access relevant material. In addition,
materials from Jimma University Library and the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health Library were used. Several
authorities were also contacted to supplement the literature.
Result: There are a number of traditional medicinal practices that reflect the diversity of Ethiopian cultures. Ethiopian
traditional medicine is concerned not only with the curing of diseases but also with the protection and promotion of
human physical, spiritual, social, mental and material wellbeing. The many categories of traditional medicinal practices
dealing with these different aspects of health include: spiritual healing, prevention, as well as curative and surgical
practices. The health and drug policies of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health recognize the important role traditional
health systems play in health care. Unfortunately, little has been done in recent decades to enhance and develop the
beneficial aspects of traditional medicine including relevant research to explore possibilities for its gradual integration
into modern medicine.
Conclusion: The Ethiopian government firmly supports and encourages traditional medicine through its policies as part
of the national heritage. Despite these commitments on the policies, the government's ability to implement and provide
increased resources for the study, as well as sustainable use of traditional medicine and their integration with modern
medical practice has been limited. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2006;20(2):127-134]