The status of HIV screening laboratories in Ethiopia: achievements, problems encountered and possible solutions

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives: To know the status of HIV screening laboratories in different parts of the country, to identify the major problems encountered and to suggest and recommend possible solutions to the policy makers at different levels.

Materials and methods : Forty-two out of 74 government and non-government owned HIV screening laboratories were supervised in December 2001. A cross sectional study using a detailed questionnaire and an on-site observation /supervision to assess the technical issues, safety procedures, laboratory management and other related issues to quality assurance was conducted. These laboratories were selected randomly and at least one laboratory from each region has been included.

Results: Most laboratories, 27(64.3%) were capable of performing ELISA and Rapid tests. Majority of them (62%) do not follow a specific testing algorithm, only in 50% were confirmatory tests performed, while 21% send their specimen to the regional laboratories and the remaining 29% do not confirm their results at all. In only 29% of them were safety guidelines practiced. In 58.4% and 54.7% of them, there was a shortage of reagents and protective materials, respectively. Problems related to maintenance, weak referral system, poor laboratory management, lack of follow-up resulting in delay of issuing results to clients were identified.

Recommendations: It is suggested that the problems of regional laboratories should be alleviated through collaborative approach among different stakeholders and there is a need to encourage them to fully participate in NEQUAS. Strengthening in equipment and trained human resource, and close follow-up of Regional Laboratories, timely ordering of supplies and reagents, continuous
training programs on HIV screening methods, quality assurance and maintenance were recommended. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2002;16(2):209-215]